SS-31 is a new generation mitochondrial peptide developed for targeted protection and restoration of cell energy metabolism. Unlike classical antioxidants, it acts specifically inside the mitochondria, supporting their structure, reducing oxidative stress and improving ATP production. It is this mechanism that makes SS-31 a key bioregulator in health programs, slowing down biological aging and increasing the body's functional reserves.
SS-31 is a synthetic mitochondrially directed tetrapeptide, also known as elamipretide. The compound is a short aromatically cationic peptide capable of binding to cardiolipin of the inner membrane of mitochondria. In the research context, SS-31 is being studied in connection with maintaining mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress, and preserving cellular bioenergetics. The compound is considered as an experimental peptide for scientific and laboratory purposes.
General information
| Features | Values |
|---|---|
| The peptide sequence | D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 |
| The molecular formula | C32H49N9O5 |
| Molecular weight | 639.80 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 736992-21-5 |
| PubChem CID | 11764719 |
| Synonyms | SS-31, Elamipretide, MTP-131, Bendavia, D-Arg-2,6-dimethyltyrosine-Lys-Phe-NH2 |
Lyophilized peptides
All peptides undergo lyophilization, a process that is necessary to extend their shelf life, as well as preserve the purity and integrity of the peptides during storage and transportation. Product Usage: This product is intended solely for research purposes. All product information provided on this website is intended for educational purposes.
Product Usage
This product is intended solely for research purposes. All product information provided on this website is intended for educational purposes.
The purity of peptides is more than 99%
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Without fillers and additives
Only pure active connections. The composition is confirmed by experts for reliable in vitro studies.
SS-31 is a mitochondrial-targeted tetrapeptide, also known as elamipretide, which binds to the cardiolipin of the inner mitochondrial membrane and is therefore considered one of the most notable research molecules for studying mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and age-related disorders of energy metabolism. Current reviews describe SS-31 as a peptide capable of stabilizing the mitochondrial architecture, maintaining the electron transport chain, and reducing damage associated with excess reactive oxygen species. Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential - PMC
Mitochondrial function and cardiolipin
The main research area of SS-31 is related to its ability to interact with cardiolipin, a key phospholipid of the inner membrane of mitochondria. It is through this target that the peptide is being studied as a means of supporting the structure of crysts, electron transfer, and ATP synthesis in conditions accompanied by mitochondrial instability. In the 2025 reviews, SS-31 is explicitly described as cardiolipin-targeting tetrapeptide, and the association of cardiolipin with mitochondrial energy and their vulnerability to aging and disease is confirmed in detail by separate modern works. Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential - PMC
Oxidative stress and cellular protection
SS-31 is being actively studied in the context of reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and protecting cells from secondary damage. Publications show that the peptide is able to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction, limit excessive ROS formation, and support cell survival in models of neuronal, cardiac, and tissue damage. This has made SS-31 one of the basic molecules in research where mitochondria are considered as the central link of damage and aging. Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential - PMC
Neuroprotection and age-related disorders
A separate interest in SS-31 is related to the neuroprotective area. In recent experimental studies, the peptide has reduced mitochondrial damage, reduced neuron death, and improved functional recovery after spinal cord injury. In a broader context, reviews on mitochondrial strategies in aging and neurodegeneration consider SS-31 as one of the most studied molecules for the correction of age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial Cardiolipin-Targeted Tetrapeptide, SS-31, Exerts Neuroprotective Effects Within In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Spinal Cord Injury - PMC
Cardiovascular and muscular direction
SS-31 has also been studied for a long time in cardiometabolic and muscle models, since mitochondrial insufficiency is closely associated with decreased contractile function, fatigue, and ischemic damage. At the same time, the transfer to clinical practice turned out to be less straightforward: some early cardiovascular studies did not show convincing improvements in the main endpoints, although reviews indicate good tolerability and continued interest in the molecule in other conditions associated with mitochondrial pathology and muscle dysfunction. Therefore, it is more correct for the site to describe SS-31 as a promising mitochondrial protector with a strong preclinical base and mixed results in certain clinical scenarios. Precision Medicine: Therapeutically Targeting Mitochondrial Alterations in Heart Failure - PMC
Tissue repair and antifibrotic potential
In addition to nervous and cardiac tissue, SS-31 is actively being investigated in models of regeneration and chronic tissue damage. The 2025 papers reported a reduction in inflammation, mitochondrial stress, and matrix degradation, as well as support for cartilage regeneration and reduction of fibrotic changes in the lungs. These data so far mostly relate to the preclinical stage, but they clearly show why SS-31 has become a prominent molecule in regenerative and anti-aging studies. The mitochondrial protectant SS31 optimized decellularized Wharton's jelly scaffold improves allogeneic chondrocyte implantation-mediated articular cartilage repair - PMC
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